Abstract Background This study determined plasma protein electrophoresis (PPE) reference intervals in two elasmobranch species: the undulate skate (Raja undulata) and the nursehound shark (Scyliorhinus stellaris). using a reference population of 48 undulate skates (27 males. 21 females) and 62 nursehounds (32 males. 30 females). https://trendingcustomes.shop/product-category/raglan-shirt/